Media / Publication
August 23, 2022

Electoral and religious correlates of COVID-19 vaccination rates in Dutch municipalities

© Image: Unsplash/Ivan Diaz

Beyond a public health issue, COVID-19 vaccination was also an issue of political and social division. This study finds lower vaccination rates in Dutch municipalities with stronger support for the populist-right Forum for Democracy and larger Reformed Protestant or Muslim populations, highlighting how the effects of health campaigns can be undermined by demographic variables.

Abstract

Vaccination campaigns amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have been extensively politicized in a number of countries. Controlling for a number of demographic, social and economic factors, we find a negative statistical relationship between the aggregate vote share of the populist-right wing Forum for Democracy and the vaccination rate against COVID-19 across Dutch municipalities. We also find a negative relationship between the proportion of individuals with reformed Protestant and Muslim religious beliefs. These relationships can possibly be related to religious worldviews or mistrust towards authority. These results show that the politicization of health behaviours can have detrimental effects on public health campaigns.

To continue reading please visit: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac112

This open access article was published in the European Journal of Public Health on 23 August 2022.

Afonso, A., Votta, F. (2022). Electoral and religious correlates of COVID-19 vaccination rates in Dutch municipalities. European Journal of Public Health, 32(6), 985–987, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac112

Keywords: Democracy, Demography, Islam, Religious Philosophies, Vaccination, Health Behavior, Public Health Medicine, Pandemics, Covid-19, Covid-19 Vaccines, Economic Factors

More results /

/ algosoc
The 2026 Stevin Prize: Claes de Vreese and his academic journey

By Claes de Vreese • October 07, 2026

AI insiders warn it could end humanity. Does the public agree?

By Ernesto de León • Claes de Vreese • September 17, 2026

/ justice
Socialists push for EU law on deepfakes

By João Pedro Quintais • October 23, 2026

Onderzoekers waarschuwen: AI-gebruik kan ‘rechterlijke blik’ vertroebelen

By Iris van Domselaar • Isabella Banks • October 01, 2026

/ health
The expectation game

By Martijn Logtenberg • March 13, 2026

Labour politics and why AI hasn't 'fixed' healthcare

By Martijn Logtenberg • November 20, 2025

Subscribe to our newsletter and receive the latest research results, blogs and news directly in your mailbox.

Subscribe